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In advertising and marketing communication, fourth screen, or sometimes third screen, refers to a small portable video screen such as a mobile phone or portable media player.
Today, people use mobile devices in ways that open new possibilities for documentary practice.
History[edit]
The term fourth screen originates in reference to the actual historical sequence in the development of video screens. With the rapid proliferation of video networks in non-traditional spots such as movie theaters, bars and restaurants, gas stations, health clubs, and other place-based venues a category entitled 'fourth screen' was created. The first three screens are considered: TV, Internet, and Mobile. The fourth screen is mainly used in the advertising and media space with the explanation and use of digital signage. With the proliferation of technology, digital signage has expanded in this 'fourth screen' section to include movie theaters, gas stations and health clubs. One of the leading digital signage companies in movie theaters is Screenvision, with over 14,400 screens in the US.[1] Other leaders in the 'fourth screen' marketplace are Gas Station TV and Zephyr Media Inc; GSTV generates over 32 million digital signage impressions every month and Zephyr Media Inc on their US Army Network over 25 million digital signage impressions a month. In a recent Nielsen 'Fourth Screen' Market report, Nielsen identifies that the digital screens in the 'fourth screen' category generated over 237 million monthly exposures to persons 18+years or older. They go on to outline the various companies that are leaders in the space that include screenvision, NCM, Capitvate, GSTV and IndoorDirect.[2] Nielsen's 'Fourth Screen Network Audience Report' enables direct comparisons between digital place-based video networks and other video networks, including TV and Internet.
The video screens again are:
- television (TV)
- personal computer (PC), or Internet
- mobile telephone screens
- out of home digital signage.
Screens 4 4 6 1/2
References[edit]
- ^Nielsen Report, Digital Media, 2010
- ^'Archived copy'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-12-07. Retrieved 2011-12-19.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fourth_screen&oldid=931548903'
Screens 4 4 6 12
Granulometry | |
---|---|
Basic concepts | |
Particle size·Grain size Size distribution·Morphology | |
Methods and techniques | |
Mesh scale·Optical granulometry Sieve analysis·Soil gradation | |
Related concepts | |
Granulation·Granular material Mineral dust·Pattern recognition Dynamic light scattering |
Mesh is a measurement of particle size often used in determining the particle-size distribution of a granular material. For example, a sample from a truckload of peanuts may be placed atop a mesh with 5 mm openings. When the mesh is shaken, small broken pieces and dust pass through the mesh while whole peanuts are retained on the mesh. A commercial peanut buyer might use a test like this to determine if a batch of peanuts has too many broken pieces. This type of test is common in some industries, and, to facilitate uniform testing methods, several standardized mesh series have been established.
Metal surfaces mechanically polished are designated as having a mechanical finish related to the abrasive used.
Busycontacts 1 4 5. Many mesh sizes were historically given in the number of holes per inch; due to the width of the wires in the mesh, mesh numbers did not correspond directly to fractional inch sizes, and several different systems standardized with slightly different mesh sizes for the same mesh numbers.
Commercial dimensions[edit]
Screens 4 4 6 16
Sieve size | Opening | Standard Mesh | Tensile Bolting Cloth | Mill Grade | Market Grade | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | (in) | (μm) | US | Tyler | Mesh | Opening | Wire | Mesh | Opening | Wire | Mesh | Opening | Wire |
5.60 | 0.22 | 5600 | 3.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
4.75 | 0.187 | 4750 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
4.00 | 0.157 | 4000 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
3.35 | 0.132 | 3350 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2.80 | 0.110 | 2800 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2.36 | 0.093 | 2360 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2.00 | 0.079 | 2000 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1.70 | 0.0661 | 1700 | 12 | 10 | 14 | 0.062 | 0.009 | 12 | 0.065 | 0.018 | 12 | 0.0603 | 0.023 |
1.40 | 0.0555 | 1400 | 14 | 12 | 16 | 0.0535 | 0.009 | 14 | 0.054 | 0.017 | 14 | 0.051 | 0.0204 |
1.18 | 0.0469 | 1180 | 16 | 14 | 18 | 0.0466 | 0.009 | 16 | 0.0465 | 0.016 | 16 | 0.0445 | 0.0181 |
1.00 | 0.0394 | 1000 | 18 | 16 | 22 | 0.0380 | 0.0075 | 18 | 0.0406 | 0.015 | 18 | 0.0386 | 0.0173 |
0.85 | 0.0331 | 850 | 20 | 20 | 24 | 0.0342 | 0.0075 | 20 | 0.0360 | 0.014 | 20 | 0.034 | 0.0162 |
0.71 | 0.0278 | 710 | 25 | 24 | 28 | 0.0282 | 0.0075 | 24 | 0.0287 | 0.013 | 24 | 0.0277 | 0.014 |
0.60 | 0.0232 | 600 | 30 | 28 | 34 | 0.0229 | 0.0065 | 30 | 0.0238 | 0.0095 | - | - | - |
0.50 | 0.0197 | 500 | 35 | 32 | 38 | 0.0198 | 0.0065 | 34 | 0.0204 | 0.009 | 30 | 0.0203 | 0.0128 |
0.47 | - | 470 | - | 40 | 0.0185 | 0.0065 | 36 | 0.0188 | 0.009 | - | - | - | |
0.465 | - | 465 | - | 42 | 0.0183 | 0.0055 | 38 | 0.0178 | 0.0085 | - | - | - | |
0.437 | - | 437 | - | 44 | 0.0172 | 0.0055 | - | - | - | 35 | 0.0176 | 0.0118 | |
0.425 | 0.0165 | 425 | 40 | 35 | 46 | 0.0162 | 0.0055 | 40 | 0.0165 | 0.0085 | - | - | - |
0.389 | - | 389 | - | 48 | 0.0153 | 0.0055 | - | - | - | 40 | 0.0150 | 0.0104 | |
0.368 | - | 368 | - | 50 | 0.0145 | 0.0055 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.355 | 0.0139 | 355 | 45 | 42 | 52 | 0.0137 | 0.0055 | 45 | 0.0142 | 0.008 | - | - | - |
0.310 | - | 310 | - | 60 | 0.0122 | 0.0045 | 50 | 0.0125 | 0.0075 | - | - | - | |
0.300 | 0.0117 | 300 | 50 | 48 | 62 | 0.0116 | 0.0045 | 55 | 0.0112 | 0.007 | - | - | - |
0.282 | - | 282 | - | 64 | 0.0111 | 0.0045 | - | - | - | 50 | 0.0110 | 0.0090 | |
0.270 | - | 270 | - | 70 | 0.0106 | 0.0037 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.260 | - | 260 | - | 72 | 0.0102 | 0.0037 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.250 | 0.0098 | 250 | 60 | 60 | 74 | 0.0098 | 0.0037 | 60 | 0.0102 | 0.0065 | - | - | - |
0.241 | - | 241 | - | 76 | 0.0095 | 0.0037 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.231 | - | - | - | - | 78 | 0.0091 | 0.0037 | - | - | - | 60 | 0.0092 | 0.0075 |
0.212 | 0.0083 | 212 | 70 | 65 | 84 | 0.0084 | 0.0035 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
0.193 | - | - | - | - | 90 | 0.0076 | 0.0035 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
0.180 | 0.0070 | 180 | 80 | 80 | 94 | 0.0071 | 0.0035 | - | - | - | 80 | 0.0070 | 0.0055 |
0.165 | - | - | - | - | 105 | 0.0065 | 0.0030 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
0.150 | 0.0059 | 150 | 100 | 100 | 120 | 0.0058 | 0.0025 | - | - | - | 100 | 0.0055 | 0.0045 |
0.125 | 0.0049 | 125 | 120 | 115 | 145 | 0.0047 | 0.0022 | - | - | - | 120 | 0.0046 | 0.0037 |
0.105 | 0.0041 | 105 | 140 | 150 | 165 | 0.0042 | 0.0019 | - | - | - | 150 | 0.0041 | 0.0026 |
0.090 | 0.0035 | 90 | 170 | 170 | 200 | 0.0034 | 0.0016 | - | - | - | 180 | 0.0033 | 0.0023 |
0.075 | 0.0029 | 75 | 200 | 200 | 230 | 0.0029 | 0.0014 | - | - | - | 200 | 0.0029 | 0.0021 |
0.063 | 0.0024 | 63 | 230 | 250 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 250 | 0.0024 | 0.0016 |
0.053 | 0.0021 | 53 | 270 | 270 | 300 | 0.0021 | 0.0012 | - | - | - | 270 | 0.0021 | 0.0016 |
0.044 | 0.0017 | 44 | 325 | 325 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 325 | 0.0017 | 0.0014 |
0.037 | 0.0015 | 37 | 400 | 400 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 400 | 0.0015 | 0.0010 |
0.025 | 0.0010 | 25 | 500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 500 | 0.0010 | 0.0010 |
Equivalent mesh sizes from 5 μm to 25.4 mm also exist.[1][2][3]
Waltr 2 6 16. Available sieve sizes are usually regulated by standards. Those in common use are ISO 565:1990 and ISO 3310-1:2000 (international),[4] EN 933-1(European)[5] and ASTM E11:01 (US). EN standards are available with national 'badging' so appear as BS EN, FR EN, DE, etc.
Practical sizes[edit]
Screens 4 4 6 13
Although such information contains long lists of sieve sizes, in practice sieves are normally used in series in which each member sieve is selected to pass particles approximately 1/√2 smaller in diameter or 1/2 smaller in cross-sectional area than the previous sieve. For example the series 80mm, 63, 40, 31.5, 20, 16, 14, 10, 8, 6.3, 4, 2.8, 2 mm is routinely available in many European countries or the series with the larger steps 63, 31.5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 mm, 500 μm, 250, 125, 63 μm is commonly used to grade aggregates in the construction industry. Such series are somewhat derived from the principles originally established by Renard and now known as Renard series. Some users replace some of those indicated above with 45, 22.4, 12.5, 11.2 and 5.6 mm sieves, mostly because of historical usage of such sizes in their country or industry.
References[edit]
- ^'Equivalent mesh sizes from 5microns to 25.4mm', delloyd.50megs.com, retrieved 2009-05-19
- ^'Particle Size Conversion', www.sigmaaldrich.com, retrieved 2012-01-24
- ^'Particle Size - US Sieve Series and Tyler Mesh Size Equivalents'. www.azom.com. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
- ^ISO 3310-1:2000 Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire clothwww.iso.org, accessed 13 October 2020
- ^DIN EN 933-1 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution - Sieving method'www.en-standard.eu, accessed 13 October 2020
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesh_(scale)&oldid=983327861'